Pestle Analysis of Starbucks The Potential Market Expansion

Question: Describe about the project focuses on the potential market expansion of Starbucks in two countries Singapore and India? Answer: Introduction The project focuses on the potential market expansion of Starbucks in two countries Singapore and India. It consist a detailed analysis of the Indian and Singaporean market for expansion of Starbucks. It is done with the help of PESTLE Analysis. PESTLE analysis of the company helps in understanding external environment. A newer concept is recently introduced which is gradually gaining importance that is Ethics. Ethics is the set of moral principles and values that governs the action and decisions of a individual or a group (Oxlearn.com, 2015). The pestle analysis provides a framework that enables to find out the external environment with the help of 6 basic questions, they are: 1) What are the factors regarding politics? 2) Do the cultural factors important for business? 3) What are the important economic factors regarding business sustainability? 4) What are the environmental considerations? 5) What are the current and impending legislation may affect the industry? 6) What technological innovations will be effective for business? (PEST Analysis of USA et al., 2014) Each factor are analysed in informative form for the respective countries. And in the end they are individually rated out of 10 for comparing the degree of beneficial of investment. The total advantage is calculated on percentage with a clear conclusion and some recommendation. About Starbucks: Based in Seattle, Washington, Starbucks have been the largest coffeehouse chain in United States since 1977. From Peets coffee of Alfred Pee, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker got the idea of establishing Starbucks. The company was initially famous for selling Coffee beans and Coffee making equipments. After 10 years, the Director of Retail operations Howard Schultz decided to sell drinks along with the other available products. The first expansion of starbucks in overseas was on Tokyo, Japan, which still holds a sizable presence there (Michelli and Parks, 2013). Over course of time, Starbucks have taken over many companies and made an impression amongst coffee people in places where coffee has be one of the most accepted beverages. Around 1990s Starbucks was offering stock option and went public. The present expansion of Starbucks is over more than 17,000 stores in 55 countries though the biggest chain lies in United States in 11,000 locations. Products such as hot and cold beverages, cold bean coffee, teas pastries and snacks are available in Starbucks. It also offers beers and wines in evening locations after 4 pm. One of the marketing strategies that Starbuck follows to beat the competitors is to buying out competitors lease and clustering several locations in a small geographical area. Starbucks is not only a well-emerged coffee house known for its products but they also educate their customers regarding their various products. PESTLE Analysis Pestle analysis is a popular tool that considers external factors such as political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental. Through the analysis, it helps the organization to expand their existing borders and ensures a thorough information on the external factors. Pestles analysis is vital in three cases; they are Appropriate planning in diversify products or launching new products Through advertising increase sale in the new country Work with high collaboration with each other Political factors: Political factors constitute external factors of a business. It includes how the government of a country operates, the various government policies that influences the market, the political leading majority that can interfere, parties that would support the expansion the funding, the grants and permissions and the various initiative undertaken by government. It is the budgetary plan of a country and the norms and regulations of FDI that must be considered for business expansion. Economic factors: The economic factors consists the Gross Domestic Product of a country. Whether the country is suffering from various price hike and inflation, whether the labour charges the interest rates and the energy costs are too cost effective for the company or not. Social aspects: In pestle analysis the social aspects refers to the demography of a country, the media coverage and development, the lifestyle the fashion and the culture of a country. Technological aspects: Technological aspect refers to the level of technological advancement that a country, a location or a city posses. Whether new technologies are yet to be adopted by a country or whether the environment is technological which also partially states that the people are technologically advanced. The IT sector is now an emerging trend and today along with four necessary resources that is land, labour, capital and organization Information Technology also plays a vital role.The Informational technology of a country supports the social infrastructure of a country. Legal aspects: Legal aspects deal with the various labour laws of respective countries or respective states. The legal aspect also highlights the regulation and standards of business development and expansions. It refers to the various laws that a company have to abide in order to continue business with the region. Environmental factors: The market scenario is changing daily, the market situations can be controlled and there are many things that cannot be controlled. The environments that surround us influence us largely. Certain Environmental factors like the weather conditions, the climatic change, and pollution manipulates a business decisions. It is because for typical products certain weather conditions are not appropriate. For example, woollen sweaters are sold during winter season only. However, countries having moderate climate i.e, neither too hot nor too cold woollen sweaters are not an ideal product for selling. Application of Pestle analysis for market Expansion in India: capital New Delhi Area 3,287,590km Official language Hindi, English Population 1,19,19,98,392 (NPR) (Censusindia.gov.in, 2015) currency Rupee Calling code +91 Indian Political Scenario India is one of the largest democratic countries in the world having the biggest constitution being federal in nature and unitary in spirit. In state of a country, president is the head on the other hand the Prime Minister is the head of the government. The political condition in India is relatively stable).The political parties hugely interfere and influence the business expansion in Indian market. With BJP as the ruling party and Prime Minister Narendra Modi in power, the current political and economic scenario is very much favourable for business expansion. One of the important initiatives taken by the ruling party is Make in India. Some of the new Goverment policies include 100% FDI allowed in Telecom and Single Brand retail, the FDI raised to 74% in credit information. These are some factors that are favourable for Starbucks in business expansion, (Makeinindia.com, 2015). Factors severity type impacts 1 Trading policies high (+)tive favourable 2 Political Pressure high - unstable 3 International pressure groups medium (-) tive unfavourable 4 Government policies high (+)tive favourable 5 International relationships high (+)tive stable 6 Terrorism low (+) tive stable Economic factors of India: Indian economy is the tenth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP 4th largest by purchasing power parity. It is one of the most attractive destinations of business expansion till date, specially due to its investment opportunities (FDI), manpower availability (labour), diversified natural resources with strong macro-economic fundamentals. On 25th September 2014, the Prime minister of India introduced a national program MAKE IN INDIA whose prime objective is to facilitate investment, foster innovation and enhance skill development to encourage economical growth. The current GDP rate of India is 5.6% and expected to grow to and World Bank declared, with the rise in economic progress, India would have 6.4% GDP rate for 2015. The RBI repo rate currently is 7.75% and the reverse repo rate is 6.75%, this indirectly implies banks will be providing more loans. For exchange rates being Re 1 =US $0.016, it is advantageous for Starbucks for land acquisition, cheap labour rate. Even the general economic climate in India is also favourable for Starbucks. Before expansion of business it is necessary to know the inflation rate or the consumer price index so that capital investments and labour rate does not leads to a loss incur.. In India, the inflation rate has been according to last records by tradingeconomics.com 5.00 which was previously 4.38. Social factors of India: India is the seventh largest country in area and the second most populous country in the world with more than 1.2 billion people. India is considered one of the leading democratic countries and has a vast diversity. This helps in acceptance of culture and being densely populated the probability of acceptance of the product. It can also be inferred that India being densely populated can provide a huge number of customers to Starbucks. In 2014 declared by UN India also have worlds largest youth population with 356 billion populations belonging under 10 to 24 years of age. (Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com, 2014) Technological factors in India: For the past few years India is witnessing a sea change in technological aspects, and for that globalization acquires the majority credit. In order to learn the economy of a country, what attract the business ventures is the technological aspects of the country. From simple to going digital, India has succeeded to pace up with the advancement of technology. With Make in India in progress Manufacturing industry of India infrastructure and capacity for innovation is balanced for one exceptional growth: new smart cities and industrial clusters, being developed in known industrial corridors having connectivity, new youth-focused programs and institutions committed to developing specialized skills. The growing IT sectors with TCS covering the largest market shares ensures that technological up gradation is going to be continuous process. The internet accessibility is also increasing in every region. Infect One of the metropolitan cities in India is undergoing a wi-fi connectivity througho ut, which means there will be free wi-fi throughout. Indiatoday.intoday.in, 2015) Legal norms and restrictions: In India, there have been several legal environments that require to be considered in for any firm to operate, especially for custom duties, for various types of taxes to be paid and one of the prime legal aspect i.e labour laws. However, In India labour is cheaper though there are various labour unions and acts to guide a firm for labour exploitation. India has the largest labour force, huge manpower available in this country, professional managers and semi skilled and unskilled labour available at comparatively moderate cost. In order to provide central Government with the means to implement its industrial policies, several legislations have been enacted and amended in response to the changing environment. There are several acts that should be followed to set up of a business in India, they are Companies act, payment of bonus act, Gratuity act, Employees Insurance act, equal remuneration act, Employees Provident fund act and various others. Environmental factors: Environmental factors include 4 factors, they are: weather, climate change, soil erosion, land use. Indian geology is climatically pivotal in nature. Where the Himalayan ranges are situated in the north, there the northern region subjected to have alpine climate, whereas in the north-east it has humid sub-tropical climate. Tropical rainy climate governs regions that experiences warm or high temperatures. the coffee production in India is dominated in the southern part of India, where state Karnataka accounts 53%of production, Kerala 28% and Tamil Nadu 11%. the common type of coffee that are cultivated is the Kent, S.795, Cauvery and selection 9. Application of Pestle analysis for market Expansion in Singapore: Singapore: capital Singapore (downtown core, central) Area 718.3 km 277 sq m Official language English, Malay, Mandarin, Tamil Population 5,469,700 currency Singapore Dollar (SGD) Calling code +65 Political scenario of Singapore: Singapore takes the parliamentary form of representative democratic republic, where the President is the head of the State, and the Prime minister is the head of the government. The political power of the country is at the control of the Government, and it believes in communicating its endeavour directly to the public rather than assembling opinion from the public. Factors severity type impacts 1 Trading policies high (+)five favourable 2 Political Pressure strong - favourable 3 International pressure groups low (-)five - 4 Government policies high (+) favourable 5 International relationships medium - favourable 6 Terrorism low (-)five favourable The trading policies though strict yet are very much in favour of Starbucks expansion. The political pressures are high whereas the there is n low international interference, despite of having a moderate international relationship with other countries. Economic factors of Singapore: Singapore is the 40th largest economy in the world in accordance to GDP and PPP. Currently the GDP of Singapore is in PPP it is Int$ 425.251 billion (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) and for nominal it is US$297.941billion. According to current Index point, the labour cost decreased to 130.30 that is SD $4314. (Mom.gov.sg, 2015) Singapore is ranked the 6th most desirable place in the world. According to the Economic Board of Development, Singapore provides strong and stable physical, legal and social infrastructure including a wide range of factory space. it also provides pro-business policies and tax regime, wide range of flexible financial schemes. According to current exchange rates SD$1= USD $0.80. (Singapore Economic Development Board - Investing Business in Singapore, 2015) Social factors of Singapore: Singapore ethnic mix is Malays, Chinese and Indians (southern part), the Singaporeans are against blue collar jobs and similar other works in hard environment. ,(Guidemesingapore.com, 2015) As the labour costs are high the neighbouring countries falls under an advantageous position in the eye of the investors. Almost every population is having English as the primary language and in comparison the literacy rate in English is higher than India. the Singaporeans consist the mindset of Kia-Su which means afraid of being defeated and this has made an positive impact on the productivity of the people. (Ho et al., 1998) Technological factors in Singapore: Technology is the power behind the standard of living and the quality of work life in Singapore. Singapore is fully wifi covered region and has a fundamental attractiveness of foreign investment. Moreover, the Singapore Government is moving toward e-Government era. (Guidemesingapore.com, 2015 Legal norms and restrictions: The legal structure of Singapore is clear and efficacious and transparent. For making International headquarters here, companies benefit from Singapores network of 50 comprehensive Double Taxation avoidance Agreement. The intellectual property law is very strict. Environmental factors: Singapore is considered as the cleanest country of the World. It is a polution free country, and believes in natural protection by supporting green and low emission of pollutants. Singapore suffers with water Crisis and gets help from Malaysia for the supply of water. Comparison and overall rankings: Factors (PESTLE) India (out of 10) Singapore (out of 10) 1. Political factors 6 8 2. Economical factors 8 9.5 3. Social Factors 7 9 4. Technological 7 9.5 5. Legal factors 7 8 6. Environmental 8 9 Total (In %tage) 71.6% 88.3% Recommendations conclusion Through the PESTLE analysis it can be concluded that Singapore seems to be in an advantageous position to form a favourable business expansion for Starbucks. Almost in every aspect- India is lagging behind, though has an advantageous position in case of population and area coverage area. Through intensive research It is also found that product appreciation the consumer for Starbucks will be more in Singapore than in India. It is not because the number of coffee lovers but because of the affordability per person and the taste and preferences. References: Guidemesingapore.com, (2015).Quality of Life in Singapore. [online] Available at: https://www.guidemesingapore.com/relocation/introduction/quality-of-life-in-singapore [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Ha, H. and Coghill, K. (2008). E-Government in Singapore - A SWOT and PEST Analysis.Asia-Pac.Soc.Sci.Rev., 6(2). Hill, C. and Jones, G. (2013).Strategic management. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Ho, J., Ang, C., Loh, J. and Ng, I. (1998). A preliminary study of kiasu behaviour   is it unique to Singapore?.Journal of Managerial Psych, 13(5/6), pp.359-370. Indiatoday.intoday.in, (2015).Kolkata becomes first WiFi-enabled metro city : News, News - India Today. [online] Available at: https://indiatoday.intoday.in/technology/story/proud-to-see-kolkata-becoming-first-wifi-metro-city-in-india-mamta/1/417265.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Michelli, J. and Parks, T. (2013).Leading the Starbucks way. Mom.gov.sg, (2015).Starting a Business. [online] Available at: https://www.mom.gov.sg/foreign-manpower/working-in-singapore/starting-a-business/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. PEST Analysis of USA, t., Marketing, T., Industry, A., Growth, P., Company, S., Industry, S., Organizations, H., SWOT Analysis of Nestle, t., Template, H., Them, B., Overview, W., Them, M., Process, W., PEST Analysis of USA, t., Marketing, T., Industry, A., Growth, P., Steps, H., Environment, P. and Steps, P. (2014).What is PESTLE Analysis? A Tool for Business Analysis. [online] PESTLE Analysis. Available at: https://pestleanalysis.com/what-is-pestle-analysis/ [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Singapore Economic Development Board - Investing Business in Singapore, (2015).About Business Opportunities in Singapore - Singapore's Fundamentals - Trust. [online] Available at: https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/why-singapore/about-singapore/values/trust.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).Singapore Average Monthly Wages | 1989-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/wages [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015].

Andrew Jackson a Hero or a Villian free essay sample

He could made people o what he wanted; if he wanted South Carolina to pay tariffs he would force them to pay. This will make South Carolinians very upset. Jackson also imposed some laws against Native Americans but that also favored farmers and their families. Andrew Jackson was the first president who was born in poverty and raised by a single mother. Jackson had limited education, spoke no foreign languages and had never been abroad, but he still fought his way through his military career and got to the point to where he became president. Because of this Jackson was well liked by many since they could elate to him.South Carolina wanted to succeed from the union but Calhoun thought that this law was unconstitutional and therefore they had the right to nullify. Then the Force Bill was passed and it gave the president the authority to use military action on South Carolina. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew Jackson a Hero or a Villian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page President Jackson threatened to invade South Carolina to make them follow the law. In the end they adopted Clays Compromise Tariff which reduced tariff rates. In 1830 President Jackson implemented the Indian Removal Act which pushed away Native Americans away to Oklahoma in order to take heir land and use it for farming. Jackson sympathized with land hungry citizens. The Choctaw tribe refused to move, therefore the Mississippi legislature forced them to sign a treaty called the Treaty of Dancing Rabbits, which gave the LIES 7. 5 million acres of land. When the Choctaws arrived to Oklahoma one fourth of the tribe had died. The other tribes didnt want to leave either especially after what had happened to the Choctaws, but they were force to leave as well. By 1 838 the US had force 1700 Native Americans to move with over 4000 dead Indians.President Andrew Jackson was either loved or hated in America. It all depended on which point of view one would see it. For many he was an inspiration and a hero but for others such as the Native American and some Southern Sates he was a villain. Jackson was the first president born in poverty which made many average Americans like him and relate to him. Although South Carolinians were infuriated by him when he imposed some tariffs that they considered unfair to them. He also wanted to help citizens that had no land but in order to help them he affected many

The Ozone Layer Essay Example For Students

The Ozone Layer Essay The Ozone LayerIn environmental science the green house effect is a common term for therole water vapor; carbon dioxide and ozone play in keeping the earths surfacewarmer than it would normally be. The atmosphere is primarily transparent toinfrared radiation from the sun, which is mostly absorbed by the earths surface. The earth being much cooler than the sun, remits radiation most strongly atinfrared wavelengths. Water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone then absorb much ofthis radiation and remit a large proportion back towards the earth. Theatmosphere thus acts as a kind of blanket: without its presents the earthsaverage ground temperature of 15 degrees Celsius would fall to -28 degreesCelsius. The termed greenhouse effect implies that a comparable effect keepsthe interior of the green house warm. Actually, the man role of the glass in agreen house is to prevent convection currents from mixing cooler air outsidewith the warmer air inside. We will write a custom essay on The Ozone Layer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although water is the most important factor in the greenhouse effect, isa major reason why human regions experience less cooling at night than do dryregions. Changes in both water and carbon dioxide play an important role inclimate changes. For this reason many scientist have expressed concerns overthe global increase of carbon dioxide in resent decades, largely as a result ofthe burring of fossil fuels. In many other factors of the earths presentclimate remain more or less constant, the carbon dioxide increase should raisethe average temperature at the earths surface. Because warm air can containwarm water before reaching saturation than cooler air can, the amount of waterwould probably increase as the atmosphere got warmer . This process could go onforever. Although this considered unlikely many negative feed backs could as sooccur, such as increase in cloud cover or increase carbon dioxide absorptionby the oceans, the results of even a limited rise in average surface temperaturere mains sufficiently dramatic to justify concern. In October 1983 the US Environmental Protection Agency released a reportthat projected the irreversible onset of the greenhouse effect by the 1990s. Shortly there after the National Academy of Sciences issued its own report, inwhich the matter of irreversibility remain more in question. Both reports,however, strongly indicated the need for measures to check the rise in carbondioxide. No matter what term you use global warming or greenhouse effect, theyboth play a major role in the earths climate. Climate researchers areattempting to predict, based on ocean and air circulation, how great an increasethere will be. If global warming continues then the polar ice caps will melt andmost of the earth will be flooded and a lot of lives will be lost. The Ozone is located in the stratosphere, approximately 10 km 50 kmabove the earth. The density of ozone gas at zero degrees Celsius is 1 ATM. The Ozone is relatively unstable form of molecular oxygen containing threeoxygen atoms (O ). Radiation from the sun continuously bombards the Earthsatmosphere, causing molecules to break apart into component elements that forminto new chemical compounds. Ozone is produced when upper-atmosphere oxygenmolecules (O ) are broken apart by ultra-violet light. Most of the freed oxygenatoms immediately bond with nearby oxygen molecules to form ozone (O + O =O ). The only method used to make commercially is to pass gaseous oxygen or airthrough a high voltage alternating-current electric discharge called a silentelectric discharge. Ozone near the earths surface is generally regarded to asa bad . It is created from industrial, transportation, and some naturalsources. It is the most noxious component of smog. All high concentration, 0is known to reduce human lung capacity, as well as damage the cells of manyplants, animals, and other organisms. For these reasons, ozone is treated asand air pollutant in most industrial countries. Furthermore, O in the uppertroposphere is a powerful greenhouse gas and is believed to play a role inglobal warming. .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 , .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .postImageUrl , .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 , .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1:hover , .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1:visited , .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1:active { border:0!important; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1:active , .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1 .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf77839a25c20f26f108f08252658dad1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adrian Arbuckle EssayOn the other hand, ozone in the stratosphere is highly valued. Itserves as a protective radiation shield that interprets solar ultraviolet lightharmful to living things. Ultraviolet light splits the relatively unstable Omolecules into O and atomic O. Most of the time, the O atom created by Ozonebreakup recombines with one of the plentiful O molecules to re-form O . ThisOzone-creation process is constantly at work producing more ozone. Scientistcant predict with certainly the consequences for life on the earth if thestratosphere ozone layer weakens. In general, biologists and healthprofessionals recognize that life on earth enveloped under the protectio n of anozone layer thick enough to remove much of the UV-B solar radiation known todamage cellular organisms. Accordingly, various organismsincluding humansmay have difficult adjusting to the higher UV-B levels resulting from a thinnerozone Layer. Medical studies have quantified some of the expected effects ofincreased UV-B levels, based on real-life information form people exposed togreater than average UV-B levelspopulations living at high altitudes and inthe tropics, where the average ozone layer is thinner and the sunlight moredirect. The most serious medical effects include increased incidence ofcataracts and skin cancer, as well as evidence of weakened immune-systemresponse. Ecological research indicated that some crop yields will decrease anddisruption in marine food chains may occur. A weakened ozone layer may also case climatological effects. Thestratosphere warms with altitude because the splitting of stratospheric ozone iscaused by ultraviolet photons, which contain much more energy than that requiredto break the O-O bond. This extra energy is converted to heat. Lessstratospheric ozone means less local heating, but it also means that more UVlight is transmitted to heat the lower atmosphere and the earths surface. Ozone can be destroyed by chemicals that react directly with it, or bythose that react with the oxygen atom temporarily freed whenever an o moleculebreaks apart. However, since ozone concentrations are higher than those of mostreactive chemicals in the stratosphere, the only ozone destroyers of concern arethose that can participate in a catalytic cycle that is, where one tracecatalytic chemical can be responsible for destroying terns or even hundreds ofthousands of ozone molecules. In the last few years, various human activities have released ozone destroying chemicals into the atmosphere. Of Particular importance are halogenatoms chlorine and bromide. Chemicals release into the ozone by industrialparticles include chlorocarbon compounds (such as CCL and CHI CL ),chloroflucarbon compounds CFCs and halon compounds. Chlorocarcon compounds are used primarily as industrial solvents,degreasing compounds, and CFC precursors. The CFCs are used as working fluidsin refrigeration and air conditioning units. Aerosol propellant agents. TheHalons are used as fire suppressants. Once in the stratosphere, all thesechlorine and bromine containing compounds are broken apart by solar ultravioletradiation, releasing their Cl or Br atoms. These atoms start the process ofOzone destruction. Each Chlorine of Bromine atom that starts the destructioncycle can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. There are on the other hand naturalozone depletes such as volcanic eruptions. A hole in the Ozone has emerged because of all of the depletion. Starting in the spring of 1980, a massive 8.2 square mile ozone hole accountingfor one quarter to one half the appeared over the continent of Antarctica. Forthe past 16 years the hole has grown larger. There was a theory that predictedthat the most severe O loss would occur relatively high in the stratosphereabove 30 km). It was called the Roland/Molina theory. In fact the largestdepletion over Antarctica occurred in the middle range between 13 and 21 km. .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 , .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .postImageUrl , .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 , .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716:hover , .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716:visited , .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716:active { border:0!important; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716:active , .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716 .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u35266bda273819df4c2bffb7e95f0716:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Van Helsing EssayAtmospheric chlorine and bromine levels are expected to peak around 1998. There are currently steps being made to protect the ozone. One suchstep is the 1987 Montreal Protocol on substances that harmed the ozone. 37nations signed the bill, it read that the signing nations cut down on the use ofchlorofluorocarbons and to completely stop CFC emissions by the year 2000. Ingeneral people are waking up to this serious problem; as well they should. Themore ozone that is destroyed the more UVA rays and UVB rays that reach the earth. It is hypothesized that by the year 2086 if depletion continues at the currentrate that no living organism will be able to survive on on earth unless theyare underwater. Ozone is debatibly the most important thin known man. The survival ofthe human race is really dependent upon the ozone layer. If we keep using thesedangerous chemicals, such as CFC, found in arisol cans, we could ultimatlydestroy the ozone layer. If we destroy the ozone layer then we are reallykillling ourselves. If the ozone layer is destroyed then powerful ultriviolentrays will penitrate the earth and everyone would get skin cancer and eventuallydie. I hope organizations will continue to work to prevent the distruction ofozone because I would like to see man survive for a while.

How to Bounce Back From a Lay-off

How to Bounce Back From a Lay-off Are you still reeling from an abrupt end to your last job? Is your box of office flotsam glaring at your from across the room? It’s a stressful time, and after you’ve taken some time for deep-breathing and appropriate wallowing, you’ll need to prepare for what’s coming next. Here are some concrete steps to help you get back on your feet, courtesy of  career consultant and certified life coach Phyllis Mufson. One of the most stressful elements of unexpected unemployment is financial status. Take an unflinching look at your finances–do you have enough between savings, severance and unemployment to maintain your current expenses for three months? Six? A year? Make a detailed budget and figure out what expenses you can cut right away.Depending upon your age and previous employment history, it may make sense to speak with a financial advisor, hire a recruiter, or seek out temporary employment agencies for an interim job.  Particularly for older job s eekers, choices about whether to opt-in to Social Security benefits or consider opportunities with larger chains that are offering part-time employment with benefits, should be carefully reviewed. Professional career coaches or advisors can help you assess your skills, identify unexpected opportunities, and craft a narrative that will help you stand out form the crowd.Remind yourself daily that, as Mufson puts it, your job search is likely to be a marathon, not a sprint. Find fellow job-seekers to be your â€Å"running buddies†Ã¢â‚¬â€œcheck in with one another daily or weekly. Perhaps you can assemble for periodic group visits with like-minded peers or even former colleagues who are in the same boat. And don’t forget to blow off steam. Especially as summer approaches, there are likely to be free or low-cost leisure activities in your town or city. Set yourself a schedule for job-hunting activities and be sure you leave frequent breaks in it to go for a walk, get some e xercise, see friends, and spend time on hobbies you had before the lay-off that probably threw you off your axis.Being laid off can feel like a judgment on your worth as a person or your merits as an employee, but as the last decade has shown, it can happen to practically anyone in any industry–and the people who bounce back are the ones who realistically assess their finances, their skill-sets, and their network of peers. So rest up, and dive in–there’s no time like the present!

Essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Questions - Essay Example It would mean that he will not be able to turn a new leaf within his repertoire and hence his success is not guaranteed. â€Å"Life is like a roller coaster† means that life has twists and turns within it and it is not easy to understand the different life events. I have used â€Å"no risk, no gain† when I told one of my subordinates to be more liberal within her approach towards work. I told her specifically to take risks so that she could become more serious about her work tasks. The mantra of â€Å"life is a roller coaster† seems applicable in my case when I have used it with my friend who was not able to understand how life can be so bad with him. He tried to understand how he could have failed the exams that he was supposed to pass. In the future, I would be able to use these mantras productively if I ascertain the exact manner in which their role becomes magnified. This is so done through an understanding of the different life events, as and when they shape up. I would find out the true meaning of these mantras if I make their proper usage because this is deemed as very significant at the end of the day. Hence the mantras represent their own meanings and should be understood as such. 2. How do you stop a Run away horse? Name, define and explain the three strategies which don't work and the one strategy which does work. Provide a specific example of a "runaway horse" situation in your own real life. Explain how you (or could you have used) each of the three strategies which don't work and what the results of using each strategy was (or would have been). Explain how you used (or could have used) the strategy which works and what the results of using these strategy were (or would have been) Stopping a runaway horse is indeed a difficult thing to do, and more so within the reins of changing workplace scenarios. These three strategies which would not work include abandonment, acceptance and manipulation. The strategies which do not work in the wake of the runaway horse include the fact that they are given more room to expand their basis and thus lead the company from the front. The other strategy that is employed but does not work at all for their sake is to make them sit at important positions within the office environments. Lastly the strategy that is made use of and still does not work at all is that of finding more subordinates or peers to work along side them so that they can feel comfortable about the same steps by the organization. However these three strategies remain as failures and the runaway horse finds a new ground where it can start again. The strategy which does work however is that of a better pay or salary that is given to this individual who could later on be remarked as the runaway horse. In my own life, I switched companies when I found a golden opportunity up my sleeves. I cashed in on the chance because it gave me a better future and a career to long for. I would have used these strategies (aban donment, acceptance and manipulation) to good effect by having everything in writing and making use of the important pointers within their realms to extract the best possible returns for my professional commitments. Also I would have made use of the strategy that worked by asking for more remuneration so that the organization allots me a better package at the end of the day. The results would have been much better had I made use of this strategy than most of the people would employ in their respective cases. 3. Select one relationship which is important to you

A Concept to Avoid and Minimize Security Risks in Cloud Computing Essay

A Concept to Avoid and Minimize Security Risks in Cloud Computing - Essay Example This project declares that the existing protection mechanism like encryption failed to provide sufficient security especially from the insider attacks within the cloud network. To overcome this issue a new technology has been introduced called Fog Computing. After doing deep analysis it is apparent that fog computing is not considered as a substitute for cloud it is just an addition of the cloud computing system and introduce new applications and services. These applications ensure safety by isolating user data from each other. The foremost goal of this technology is to put data near to the ultimate consumer. This paper makes a conclusion that Cloud Computing is a technology based service which is used for protecting data and for making use of the cloud resources anywhere anytime. Further Cloud Computing is designed with a collective pool of resources which manages private data centers for clients who are utilizing web application and batch processing services. Fog computing is a virtual platform which offers computing, networking and storage resources to the end-users. Fog computing is a new standard which provide a virtual IT infrastructure. The security solutions which are designed for cloud computing does not allow fog computing devices to balance their connectivity load at the verge of the network. Fog computing offers greater security and benefits while working with cloud. In this the user has to first register and sign up fog computing.

Relativism and Morality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Relativism and Morality - Research Paper Example Though Goodman (2010) does not deny the existence of relativism, he claims that there are certain basic human universals; and he also claims that terrorism, genocide, and polygamy are all beyond the scope of relativism as they are equally wrong in all culture. The first ‘wrong’ identified by Goodman is genocide. Genocide can be defined as the killing of people on the basis of a specific feature ranging from caste, creed color, religion or even lifestyle. One can undoubtedly say that genocide is wrong according to most cultures in the world. Thus it is possible to conclude that there are there are more ethical commonalities than ethical differences among cultures, supporting Goodman’s claim. However, one cannot ignore the Nazi concentration camps and the claims of the Nazi war criminals. Their claim was that they had just followed what was right according to their legal and cultural framework. Thus, it becomes evident that it is not possible to fully agree with wha t Goodman claims. The second issue in the list is terrorism (Goodman, 2010). Goodman makes the claim that no culture in the world finds terrorism morally acceptable. The mere fact is that many cultures in the world, at one time or another, adopted terrorism. For example, the American troops in Vietnam drew a pathetic picture in front of the guerilla tactics of Vietnamese. It is unlikely that Goodman forgot the Taliban and al Qaeda which claim that ‘jihad’ is the way to eternal life. For more examples, one can think about the way the colonies managed to struggle away from the European colonization in the last century. The mere fact is that in broad terms, every fight that does not follow internationally accepted war regulations (if any) comes under terrorism. Thus, Goodman goes seriously wrong in claiming that terrorism is not relative. Very similar is the case of polygamy. According to Goodman (2010), polygamy is universally accepted as ‘wrong’. In fact, po lygamy is an accepted practice among many cultures including the Fundamentalist Mormon religion. Islamism too allows polygamy. The mere fact is that only those cultures which follow monogamy find polygamy as a ‘wrong’ practice and only those cultures spend much time dwelling into the issues of those women in polygamous families. For the polygamous societies, polygamy is just one part of their cultural life and they might be able to enlist a number of problems associated with monogamy. Thus, polygamy fails to become a universal wrong. Though it is possible to prove that the claims of Goodman are way off the mark, one has to admit that it is highly necessary to have some universal moral concepts. First of all, one can argue that giving much attention to cultural relativism will mar the growth of civilization. For example, the whole world condemns genocide at present. There was a time when the Nazi war criminals claimed in the Nuremberg war trials that they were just follo wing what was permissible according to their cultural and legal system. However, the society has considerably changed since then, and at present, most societies consider genocide immoral. Secondly, relativism leads to self-refuting. For example, moral activists are stopped from taking steps as most of the atrocities in the world at present are right according to some societies. For example, there is the clitoridectomy or the circumcision of female genitalia. According to some cultures, this is acceptable and