Art Critique (-) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

prowess Critique (-) - Research Paper Exampled in pale green and with a biased African scarf draped around her neck, holds a white cracked ceramic masquerade party in her hands and rests one arm on the table in front of her. On the table argon three tarot cards representing lynchings with the Hanged Man card, Civil Rights with the Justice card and perseverance with the Strength card.The carriage of the composition rests in the line of sight of the characters which both freeze the eye within the frame and worsen to engage with the viewer personally. Color also contributes to the paintings effectiveness as the limited pretension on the tarot cards continuously direct the eye to the center of the image where the colorful vesture and scarf of the woman stand in sharp contrast to the white of the mans tee shirt without blending into the muted tans of the background. These pastel-like shades provide a muted feel to the work which helps to highlight the emotions of the battalion de picted, both of whom feel it necessary to maintain a hold on the white mask that enables them to belong in mainstream society. The symbolism apparent in the piece is clear to those with knowledge or curiosity to dig into the cards on the table and to understand the condition of people of color within a majority white society. The chasm in the background communicates a vast hurdle to overcome before the prediction of evaluator found in the cards on the table comes to pass. However, the strength depicted in these characters and the cracks in the mask suggest this is not a condition that can last long nor is it one that will analyse the spirits of these people.By examining a series of artworks created by Valerie Winslow, it becomes clear that the artist has a very stiff introspective approach to her work. This is revealed in the very detailed depictions of human anatomy she has created as well as in the brooding attitudes of the characters in her more imaginative paintings. Her i nclusion of a number of symbols within her paintings advertise indicates a strong

Final Exame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exame - Essay ExampleWhen individual living in the society will clear a clear idea about the basics of his life wherefore the absolute aspects of the horticulture be also adopted by the neighboring civilizations. There atomic number 18 non-homogeneous primary functions of religion. One such function is provision of mental peace. Human being is surrounded more or less uncontrollableies and insecurities therefore religion provides them the binding force. Religion also promotes positive social values such as h unmatchedstly and integrity. Another function of religion is the promotion of solidarity. It provides the platform at which mess of different races stomach unite together. Question 2 Not all religious practitioners are equal in basis of their strength of their prayers. Religious practitioners are important part of the religion since these are the real people who are transferring religion to the younger generations. Religious practitioners are classified into four broad categories. These include individualistic, shamanistic, communal and ecclesiastical. single is the basic practitioner of the religion. Shamanistic is the part time religious practitioners who fares religion on behalf of other people which could also be his clients. Communal practitioners propagate the religious values to the group of people. Ecclesiastical practitioners are those who practice religion with a proper hierarchical structure. Catholic Church butt be considered as an mannequin of these practitioners. Question 3 The whole world has become one marketplace this is an era of globalization. Therefore in-migration is inevitable in this modern world. Tourism is going to flourish in this modern era because of the ever-changing demographics and psychographic elements of the world. Indigenous will interact with international artistic works. Only those people will survive who can provide best possible things (Nanda & Warms, 2009). Question 4 Expression of body art is bec oming one of the most popular artistic works in the modern world. Instead of portraying on paper, experts are of the flavour that body expressions can describe the conceptual background in an effective manner. It is a difficult task for an artist to provide attention to details. Therefore body art is the best way to suffer the concept clearly. Question 5 Colonialism has played an important role in the development of modern culture in majority of the regions where British has ruled. The language of colonial areas is influenced by the culture and values of those people who stool ruled them. For example Hindi has adopted various words of side language. Similarly many African countries still understand French because African countries had been French colonies in the past. There are many Islamic states like Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia and Turkey which have taken influence from European Colonialism. Majority of the countries which were ruled by British, have adopted their political culture. Most of the English and French colonies are still based on parliamentary system. Legal system is one of the key components for the efficient and effective functioning of the state. Colonial eras law is still followed in majority of the countries with certain amendments. People living in these areas are of the opinion that they have learnt a lot from different civilization with which they have interacted. The architecture of colonial areas reflects the adoption of English or French design in the construction. Sociologists are of the opinion that interaction of two different civilizations has brought positive results for the overall development

Olympics as a Platform for Political Protests Essay

Olympics as a Plat fashion for Political Protests - Essay ExampleSome peck believe that by using the Olympics as a platform for political issues, they exert pressure upon autocratic governments and such governments whitethorn be forced to change their regime. It is a fact that 2008 Olympics to be held in chinawargon has sparked lots of debate. The above writer believes that these protests are actually prompting the Chinese government to review their policies towards Tibet. The last mentioned sylvan is fighting for independence and in order to gain international support, there is a learn to choose the right movement when all eyes are on the host area. Such race argue that if they were to choose an otherwise time like after the Olympics, very few countries will be interested in the problems of China. Also using vaunting events as a platform for political issues allows other countries to demonstrate their disdain about the actions of those oppressive regimes.There are also clai ms that host countries need to protect the image of the Olympics. This means that they need to portray the peace and unity that is synonymous with the event. If a host country has not been doing this, then it can be seen as a form of hypocrisy. The Chinese government has been criticized for its human race rights abuses. There have reports about how the Chinese government prevents its citizens from discussing issues about their government. Furthermore, the Chinese government normally discourages nigh foreigners form discussing their problems claiming that it has nothing to do with them they believe that they are the only ones with a right to solve their problems. In light of these arguments, it would be quite unfair for such a government to hold the Olympics and claim that they rear the spirit of unity that is synonymous with the torch. (Rice, 2008) Some people believe that protests should be conducted in any platforms a long as there is room to be heard. Furthermore, they believ e that sometimes members of the host country may not have the political freedom to do so consequently, the international association needs buy the farm help them in this. For instance, there are numerous goods in the US government that come form the Chinese government. But workers in that location have minimal access to basic resources. Most of them are subjected to harsh working conditions and low pay. They cannot complain about this situation because it may bring problems. Consequently, the international community needs to help the Chinese workers by voicing their complaints. These complaints will only be noticed when the country stands to loose something. For instance, if the international countries boycotts the Olympics, then chances are the Chinese government will loose a lot. It may therefore be promoted to change their workers conditions due to these changes.Arguments against using the Olympics as a platform for political protests Sport is sport and politics is politics. T here has never been anyone who has belied the fact that sport is the best way of uniting peoples. (Brincat, 2008)

Interpersonal relationships communication concepts and terms related Research Paper

Inter individualised relationships communication concepts and terms relate to the movie 40 year old virgin - Research Paper ExampleAccording to Judy Pearson, self-disclosure is the attend to of making intentional revelations about oneself that others would be unlikely to know. Andy is a very private person he tells the few friends he has from work very little about himself. Although he is forty years old, he has spent very little time cultivating meaningful friendships. Because of his lack of interpersonal relationships, he has not create a greater understanding of himself. Pearson claims that self-disclosure increases directly as intimacy increases. Another hindrance in his personal growth is the fact that he is a virgin. Because his intimacy with another human being has not reached the manoeuver of invokeual intercourse, his personal growth has also been hindered.The first stage of Andy and Trishs new relationship is called comparative development. There are five aspects to t his development initiating, experimenting, escalate, integrating, and bonding. In the first stage of their relational development, Andy realizes he is attracted to Trish. somatogenetic attraction is usually an important part of the initiating stage. The second stage of their relationship is the experimentation stage. This occurs during their date. They hit it take by finding many things they have in common with each other. In the third stage, the intensifying stage, Andy and Trish attempt to have sex and are interrupted by Trishs teenage daughter. In a humorous misunderstanding on their first date, Andy reluctantly agrees to wait until their twentieth date to have sex with Trish. The intensifying stage of their relationship is the longest of the movie. They get to know each other much reveal while still not solidifying their relationship. The fourth stage of integration occurs after Andy and Trishs misunderstanding. Trish catches an intoxicate Andy in bed with another woman, but he is able to explain that it was a misunderstanding. In the closing stage of

Critique assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critique assignment - Essay theoretical accountIt should be noted that the originator has also helped in identifying a flow of the problem with the research purpose. The personal manner in which the topic has been discussed in the introduction makes it easier for the reader to expect the research methodology and findings. From the first object lesson of having a look at the title of the condition, the readers quite a little expect that the introduction will be subject to create a textual as well as contextual construct. In simpler words, it can be said that the introduction of the article is clearly relevant with the objective as appointed by the author. It can also be said that the author has address some of the information tags in the introduction which may provide information which takes the reader beyond the understanding of articles subject matter. This may be considered as irrelevant by some of the critiques but it is important to note that additional information in the introduction allows the readers to evaluate the peculiarities of the research. Thus, overall it can be said that the introduction written by the author in the article proves to be a stronger context to the researchs findings (Barton et al. 2012)The article has been published by International Journal of Audiology which is one of the most significant contributions in the field. The article was received on 15th family line 2010. As per the reliability test, the acceptance of the article was done on 10 September 2011. Since the journal in publishing the content for the research purpose, it took another year for the journal to publish the article. The link of the article is with International Journal of Audiology which makes it joint with British Society of Audiology and Nordic Audiological Society. The articles publishing source, International Journal of Audiology has been a publishing source for many high-rated contributors in the field of audiology. The journal includes both origin al articles as well as reviews of

English 101 Common Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English 101 parking lot Assignment - Essay ExampleEven knowing where to begin describing it can be difficult out-of-pocket to its wide-ranging variety. To begin with, America was born from a revolution. In 1776, the American Revolution began (Zinn, 32). This was in lifesize part a tax revolt. English settlers in the coastal states were unhappy with the British governments attitude towards them. They overthrew their get the hang and created a new country with a new constitution. They wanted more rights for ordinary people. They wanted license of speech and separation of church and state. Over the next few decades America grew. It faced perhaps its sterling(prenominal) trials under the presidency of Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. This war occurred between North and South. This was a war about(predicate) slavery, which was practised in the South. It was a bloody war, but eventually the North won. Slavery was abolished. During the 20th nose candy America grew in size and p ower. It fought in many wars and usually won. Today, it has the largest economy in the world and a large population. Its culture is exported around the world. Some people dislike it, but many more sock it. Americas geography varies because the country is so huge. It hosts the Rocky Mountains and the forests of New England and the plains of the Midwest. The geographical features are diverse (Birdsall, 5). It is hard to draw in so various a country.

Social and Physical Benefits of Parks and Recreation Annotated Essay - 1

Social and natural Benefits of Parks and Recreation Annotated Bibliography - Essay ExampleThe article is deemed beneficial as a source of minded(p) information regarding accessibility and overall improvement in physical activity of local residents, specifically those attack from the low-income level.The study was conducted to determine any significant changes in terms of drill of frolical facilities or position after being remodeled or refurbished and comp bed with those which were not changed. The aim was specifically noted as determining whether high quality recreation facilities promote physical activity and serve communities better (Cohen, Sehgal and Williamson S248). One skate car green and one senior center were used as observation avenues and compared with two other skate place and two senior centers that were not refurbished. The methods used the System for Observing Parks and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and authorize interviews. The findings revealed that p ark use results from a complex mix of factors that includes not only higher quality recreation facilities but also programming, staffing, fees, hours of operation, marketing, outreach, and perhaps a host of other human factors (Cohen, Sehgal and Williamson S257). The information contained herein are therefore useful to the current research in terms of specifically identifying factors that could contribute to increased use of these facilities and therefore are instrumental in improving the health condition of users.The authors aimed to determine the source of studies involving unoccupied, recreation and park use with their alleged link to active living. Other concerns pertinent to the study included presenting aspects of politics recreation and park services, concepts and methods in leisure studies as well as the management of recreation and park use, urban park use, and diverse factors that were apparently contributory to increased physical activity in leisure times. The findings revealed that a deeper understanding of

Viral Marketing and Social Networking Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Viral Marketing and fond Ne devilrking - Thesis Example, the observation of covering unrivalleds nose or mouth when sneezing becomes critical for the major(ip) prevention of mucus fluid getting to others because they privy be infected by the influenza virus. In our discussion here, no infection is being passed on through marketing, but we are trying to attain more knowledge through expounding on the term to get a better arrangement of its meaning. Marketing on the other hand, is passing of selective information about products available for sale to customers at a time with the aim of creating value. Thus, viral marketing can be described as the passing of information in a large quantity through the media, about the available product and its value to the mass. This can be done through communicating in online social network. Social networking is the coming together of likeminded individuals in an online portal to share their thoughts to advance to better solutions of life. On incr easing brand awareness, aids product or brand or service outreach to the targeted customer segment, and achieve related aims to the product or service advance and or selling the technique encourages all this. So targeting the social networks by word of mouth, the users can carry on the information through their sites to, many within a period of time and create a big awareness for many if it is a targeted part of the customers to the product.The advertisement on the internet is the important aspect in the moment now because of sphericization. Today all products are marketed worldwide with technology making a global village what has been a large globe. Take for instance the social media which has become an important part of advertising, it has two components (Bryce 34).The first can be traced through social channels like tweeter or a blog, where your translator gains credibility, in earning a following when you provide regular and useful information through them. The second one i s that a word of mouth over the internet about your product through the social media

Jewish Civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Judaic Civilization - Assignment ExampleSignificant of Tanakh to Jewish annals Jewish are also called the slew of the nurse. After the demolition of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Jewish sacrifices were impossible and the bread and butter style of Jews turned to Tanakh study accompanied with synagogue prayers. The study Tanakh including other Jewish committal to writings is pregnant to the life of religious. Tanakh, Talmud, and other writing are major sources to learn about Jewish history and perfections commandments, whereby this two continue to portray a main part in Jewish. To remember respective(a) things that matinee idol did to the Jewish and His commandments, selections of important Tanakh and prophets takes place in the synagogues. To help in good interpretation of the Gods commandments, effective rabbinical writings develop daily. Studying Tanakh is significant in the Jewish history since it is an important portion of the Jewish childrens education, and thus Jewish re ligion centers on intensive writing study. 3. verbal Torah Apart from the written Torah, there was also literal Torah, which God gave to Moses at Mount Sinai during the twoscore years Israelites took in the desert. Oral Torah involves two parts, the Gemara and the Mishnah both of which gives a wide range of principles included in the written torah. The Oral Torah is a tradition explaining the meaning of the written Torah, ways of interpreting them, and ways of applying the Laws. Jewish believe that Gog gave Moses and taught him the Oral Torah, who taught the other Jewish. This Jewish tradition remained functional until 2nd century C.E. During this century, Jewish piled up the Oral Torah and wrote it down in a form of a document known as Mishnah. Examples of oral Torah include the Halachah (Laws given to Moses at Sinai) and the Shlosh Esreh Middot Sheha Torah Nidreshet Bahem (The thirteen principles of Torah Exegesis). Significance of Oral Torah to Jewish History The Jewish divin ity fudge believes that Oral Torah brings value as commentary, history, and understanding of how Jewish interpreted certain aspects. For instance, an eye for an eye mastery means financial compensation. However, many Messiah teaching are in the Oral Torah and extra learning explaining the meanings of these Messiah teaching are in the Talmud. Additionally, Oral Torah teaches us the issue and thinking processes of Christians and therefore Oral Torah deserve good understanding and respect. Oral Torah is significant because it contains broad interpretation of the written Torah in the fainthearted of transforming circumstances to enable it adapt new situations. However, it shows Jewish people daily basis requirements. Although different Jewish people apply the Oral Torah laws in dissimilar ways, they normally acknowledge significance of Oral Torah by ensuring that all oral principles remain applicable. Nevertheless, Oral Torah plays a significant role in the current Judaism practices. 8. Siddur A Siddur is a Jewish prayer book, which contains a set of daily prayers. The earliest portions of this Jewish prayer book are the Hear O Israel (Shema Yisrael), and the Numbers (Priestly Blessing), which were contained in the Torah. Soncino in Italy published the Siddur in the year 1486, although it its dispersion was in the year 1865. As early as 1538, Siddur started to come into view in the vernacular. Significance of Siddur to the Jewish History Siddur prayer book is significant to the Jewish

Tingunee Of The Lower Quebin River Valley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tingunee Of The Lower Quebin River Valley - canvass ExampleThey may be what we would necessitate a primitive tribe or they may be an advanced socialization. There is no guidance of receipting because no one has studied them in the past, which They may find tubers and plants that argon not indigenous to other areas of the world. They may have animals or fish that they eat, or they may be vegetarian, all of which would be based on their environs. They may make use of their environment for building materials and they may or may not have access to healthcare. They may be what we would consider a primitive tribe or they may be an advanced culture. There is no way of knowing because no one has studied them in the past, which means that this would be a very valuable study. Haviland, Harald, and Prins (2008) suggest that each culture has their own rules and standards that are not obvious to the observer. This means that as position of the study, anthropologists would need to underst and these rules and standards.The first step in canvas these large number would be to do overture research. Because there are no written materials on this culture, it would be important to see whether there are cultures almost it that have some oral knowledge roughly them. There would need to be an correspondence of how to gain access to them in their environment. Since they have never been visited by other people they may be suspicious of anyone who they do not know. The anthropologists would have to gain the trust of the people by perhaps rescue them something that they could value. Most small cultures will have some type of understanding astir(predicate) the world around them, but it will be tied to their religion or their superstitions. Consideration should be given to this resolution because new cultures are often frightened by those things they do not understand. We do not know what race the Tingunee are and therefore we would want to understand what they looked like so that we could bring into the area people who may look like them so they would not be as frightened by strangers. Ferraro (2008) suggests that when studying cultures it is important to keep an open mind and understand the culture from their perspective rather than from our own. This would make signified in studying the Tingunee because they are a new culture that we have no frame of fibre towards. In studying them we would want to observe them in a subjective manner instead of finished our own culture. Language may be a barrier and an interpreter may need to be found. in one case trust had been established, the anthropologists would need to use participant observation to gain a deeper entrance into the culture. This would renounce the researchers an understanding of what the culture does on a daily basis and how the Tingunee interact with each other and with strangers. Once everyone was comfortable (the researchers and the Tingunee) there may be a few villagers who would help the researchers understand more about the culture. The goal of the study would be to document everything we could about this new culture. We would want to know their approximate age, what they ate, how they slept, where they lived and how they went about their day. We would want to know about their religion if they had one, how they governed themselves and what seemed to be most important for them. The initial contact with this culture would be crucial in defining whether we could continue to study them. The information that would be taken would be a combination of qualitative and quantitative information. The demographics would be important as well as the denseness of the population, the size and structure of their living space, whether they do farming and have crops that they grow for food, how they interact with their environment, and what they use for fuel to cook their food. On a qualitative basis, it would be important to know how the group interacts socially, and understand what, why, and how they

Emergency Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Emergency Management - Essay ExampleVol. 27, Issue 5, pp 1265-1281, October 2007.5. In considering the challenges in implementing disaster mental health programs described by Elrod et al. which of the following is not true? root should be A. Source is CL Elrod, 2006, Challenges in Implementing Disaster Mental Health Programs.The premise of this article is that find to a system, as well as its vulnerability and resilience, can be understood, defined, and quantified most effectively by a systems-based philosophical and methodological approach, and by recognizing the central role of the system states in this process. A universally agreed-upon definition of jeopardize has been difficult to develop one reason is that the concept is multidimensional and nuanced. It requires an understanding that risk to a system is inherently and basically a function of the initiating event, the states of the system and of its environment, and the time frame. In delimitate risk, this article posits t hat (a) the performance capabilities of a system are a function of its state vector (b) a systems vulnerability and resilience vectors are each a function of the input (e.g., initiating event), its time of occurrence, and the states of the system (c) the consequences are a function of the specificity and time of the event, the vector of the states, the vulnerability, and the resilience of the system (d) the states of a system are time-dependent and normally fraught with variability uncertainties and knowledge uncertainties and (e) risk is a measure of the probability and severity of consequences. The above implies that example must evaluate consequences for each risk scenario as functions of the threat (initiating event), the vulnerability and resilience of the system, and the time of the event. This fundamentally complex modeling and analysis process cannot be performed correctly and effectively

Is the EUs decision-making process best characterized as federal or Essay

Is the EUs decision-making process best characterized as federal or intergovernmental - Essay ExampleThe fellow member states make up such judicatures, which are the sovereign states. United Nations, europiuman labor essence, Council of Europe, World Trade Organization, the Council of Europe and many much are examples of intergovernmental organizations. However, the European coalescence is a prime example of supranational organization where the governments of the member states delegate the negotiated power to the member states. It is often referred to as a federation. This paper will intimately observe the works of the European juncture, and whether it is best characterized as federal or intergovernmental. The founding members of the European Union held the same ideals of a peaceful, united and prosperous Europe. They belonged to diverse backgrounds. In the Second World War, bloody wars culminated amidst neighbors. The shoot for behind the establishment of the European was primarily to end these wars. In order to secure the unyielding peace, European Coal and Steel fellowship began to unite the European countries economically and politically. There are half a dozen main founders, including France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Luxemburg and Netherlands. There was a cold war between the East and the West in 1950s.In 1956, the Soviet tanks had put rectify the protests in Hungary against the Communist regimes. In the following year, Soviet Union had launched their first man made space satellite, Sputnik 1. This is when they took the lead in the space race. The European Economic Community or Common Market was created due to the Treaty of Rome.... With the establishment of the reciprocal market, goods and services were to move foreswearly within the six nations in Europe (Europea n.d. n.p) In 1962, the newly formed European Union began the common agricultural policy, which gave the nations within the compact joint control over all the food produced with in these nations (Matthew J 2011 n.p). In 1968, the six nations decide to remove custom duties on goods, which were imported from one another and allowed free cross border trade. Trade between the nations rapidly increased due to this. In 1973, three more nations joined the sodality making it a total of nine. The three newly joined nations were United Kingdom, Denmark, and Ireland. In 1974, the leaders in European Union established a European Regional Development Fund. The purpose for the funds were to transfer money from the richer region to the poorer regions help improve roads and communications, later on down the road this funding takes up one third of the unions spending. Citizens of the union were involved in the election of the union in 1979, when they were given the right to elect the members of the Parliament of the union. Previously, the members of the parliaments were delegated by the national parliaments. In 1981, Greece joined the union and the tally of nation within t he union hit double figures. Spain and Portugal joined the union in 1986. The union launched the Erasmus programme in 1987 to fund for students who were interested in studying for up to 1 year in another European country. This scheme ended up benefiting more than 2 million young students (European Union Background 9 Jan 2012.n.p) The Treaty on European Union was signed in 1992, this set a rule for a future

Chinese Consumer's Perseption of B2C and C2C for E-Commerce Abstract Dissertation

Chinese Consumers Perseption of B2C and C2C for E-Commerce Abstract - Dissertation ExampleThe research uses both belles-lettres review and quantitative empirical research to arrive at the findings. A convenience sample of 55 customers is chosen from among the friends and acquaintances of the researcher and an online survey is employed. The results are tabulated and analysed using the literature review. It is found that customers prefer to use the C2C models everyplace B2C models, even though they are ready to trust the B2C models more in terms of product quality, after sales service and customer care. The reason for conducting shop using C2C sites is their low costs and larger assortment of products availability. It is however expected that in the near future, due to the greater trustworthiness of the B2C sites, there may be a change in customer behaviour and shift in preference from C2C to B2C model. put over of content Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 look accentuate and Overview 1.2 interrogation Questions 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 1.4 Research regularitys 1.5 Research Significance 1.6 portray of Dissertation Chapters 1.7 sum-up Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 B2C and C2C Models An Overview 2.3 Overview of B2B and B2C online markets in China 2.4 Factors that impact online shopping consumer behavior 2.5 Factors that can impact on the effectiveness of an online shopping company 2.6 affinity between Taobao and virago in China 2.7 Summary Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Approach 3.3 Research Methods 3.4 Research Design 3.4.1 Sample Sample Unit Sample Size Sample Selection Method 3.4.2 Data Collection Instrument Survey Questionnaire (Appendix A) 3.4.3 Data Analysis Method 3.5 Research Validity and dependableness 3.6 Ethical Considerations 3.7 Summary Chapter 4 Research Findings and Discussions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Descriptive Statistics 4.3 Summary Chapter 5 Conclusions and Implications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Summary of Research Findings 5.3 Research Implications 5.4 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research List of Tables Table 1 grammatical gender of the Participants Table 2 Age of the Participants Table 3 Personal Online obtain Behaviour Table 4 Reasons for Not Shopping Online Table 5 clients Preference of Online Shopping Model Table 6 Customers past usage of online shopping sites Table 7 Customers Perception of Trust of Different Models of Shopping Websites Table 8 Factors Impacting Perception of Customers Regarding Online Shopping Sites Table 8a Important Factors that Impact Customer Perceptions Regarding Online Shopping Websites Table 9 Factors that Negatively Impact Customers Perceptions Table 9a Factors that Create Customer Dissatisfaction with Online Shopping Sites Table 10 Comparison of B2C and C2C Sites on Factors that Impact Customers Perceptions Table 11 Customers Intentions to Recommend Online Shopping Sites List of Appendices Appendix A Research Questionnair e Appendix B Research Responses References Chinese Consumers perception of B2C and C2C for E-Commerce Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Overview With the opening up of the Chinese economy and the liberalization reforms, there has also been an exponential growth in penetration of the mass media and communications technology across China (Eisingerich and Kretschmer, 2008). The modernization of the economy and the development of the Chinese cities in the recent past also brought about a change in the lifestyles of the people (Shi and Zhang, 2009). on that point is found to be a rapid growth in the

Quadratic equations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quadratic equations - naming ExampleA maker of trophies observes that their profit behaves as P(x) = -0.3x2 + fx m where f pertains to fee for designing awards correspond to clients request while m refers to the periodical studio rent. P(x) would then be the monthly profit obtained as a function of x or the number of awards designed by the plunder making company in a month. At a point where x = - f / 2(-0.3) , uttermost profit is achieved.Sports such as foot cluster often involve throwing of ball from the ground and the ball throw (projectile) eventually follows a path of trajectory in the shape of a parabola. Physicists characterize this scenario in a kinematic equation that is quadratic by nature, being y = V0y*t - gt2 in which y represents displacement of the ball whereas V0y is the initial velocity, along the vertical. If one wishes to find time t when the ball hits the ground from the air, y whitethorn be set to 0 so that t may be solved given V0y, with g = 9.81

How important is embodiment to understanding how children perceive and Essay

How important is incarnation to understanding how children perceive and experience the world - Essay Examplehildhood embodiment arouse be considered and there is no single linear and monolithic theoretical tenet that can possibly include all social, cultural and anthropological aspects of childhood embodiment. However, childhood embodiment is unique than former(a) phases of the development of an individual because it is when the body is directly in a rapid flux, which is not experienced at other phases of human life, except may be at an extreme old age. Embodiment of children, therefore need to take into account all the aspects that go into the formation of the childhood body. In order to dress a comprehensive theory of childhood embodiment it is important to locate the body within the score of cultural, sociological and anthropological disciplines that lead been vigorously, and at times, violently, divided into camps of biological and social reductionism. One point of go stea dy has been intent on summarily precluding the other view, and at times quite unexpected ideological faithfulness has been worked out among conflicting schools. If we divide the whole approaches into foundationalism and non-foundationalism schools, then probably the conflicting trends become much clearer. The Foundationalist schools have a strong grounding on the body. It believes in a kind of physiological starting point, as the body being the nodal point in which and through which all other experiences are grounded. It is the base on which the superstructure of society is based. This is actually clearly associated with the naturalistic view of the body. The naturalistic view is best expressed in Shillings wordsThe capabilities and constraints of human bodies define individuals, and generate the social, political and economic relations which characterize national and global patterns of living. Inequalities in material wealth legal rights and political powerare given, or at the ve ry least legitimized, by the determining power of the biological body. (Shilling 41)While there is a

How successful was Josip Broz Tito as a ruler of Yugoslavia Essay

How successful was Josip Broz Tito as a ruler of Yugoslavia - Essay modellingHe was imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress after world arrested for anti-war propaganda. Still a prisoner of war, Tito was move to Galicia to fight against Russia. A howitzer shell seriously injured him in Bukovina. Russia claimed the whole battalion in April of 1915.Josip Broz Tito spent several months in the hospital as he recovered from his injuries. After his recovery, he went to contrive camp at Ural Mountains in the fall of 1916. During April of 1916, he organized demonstrations for prisoners of war and was arrested. He eventually escaped. He resumed his demonstrations by joining in Saint Petersburg on July 16, 1917 and July 17, 1917. He tried to flee to Finland to escape being arrested, but he was sent to prison in Petropavlovsk fortress three weeks after the demonstrations. He was in prison in a camp in Kungur. He escaped by the train. In November 1917, he went to Omsk, Siberia and enlisted i n the Red Army. During the spring of 1918, he completed an application to join the Russian Communist caller. He was granted membership in 1920 not long before the Communist troupe of Yugoslavia was banned. The Communist Party of Yugoslavias influence on the political arena of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was insignificant. Josip Broz Tito eventually became a member of the governmental Bureau of the Central Committee of the Party in 1934.In April of 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis Forces. The Communist Party organized a resistance movement. Tito demanded a public call for armed resistance against the Germans. The Yugoslav discipline Liberation Army named Tito the Chief Commander. According to the article, the NLA partisans staged a wide-spread guerrilla campaign and started liberating chunks of territory in which they organized peoples committees to act as civilian government. (Historymania.com). He was the main leader of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Y ugoslavia. The brass convened in Bihac in

Phantom Time Theory Essay Example for Free

dark Time scheme Essaythither are a few German scholars who believe that a 300 socio-economic class time consummation was just written in the bill books, without actually existing. The infract in narrative has been coined the Phantom Time Theory or Phantom Time Hypothesis. Although it is not a very widely accepted theory, there is a fair amount of evidence to back it up. Time itself has very many an other(a)(prenominal) definitions, the historical records of the time dont coincide, and astronomy and dendrochronology cant definitively prove the theory wrong. What just now is time?One of times many definitions is the system of those sequential relations that any emergence has to any other, as past, present, or future indefinite and continuous duration regarded as that in which events pursue one another, (Time 784) Basically, this means the order of events occurred in relation to each other. Since there are numerous other definitions time is very subjective and who is to say that time even really exists. Different countries withstand contrasting calendars and subtracted counting years at other various times. For example, the Islam calendar started in the year we know as 622 AD.Niemitz asks How was it possible to insert this phantom time into history? (8), which has no easy answers. One might resolve in a way as to say that we made a mistake when changing from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. If that were to be the case, then how would it have been a 300 year oversight? Maybe, the counterchange in calendars may just be a small part of the problem could it have been the start of the falsified history? If so, then where else could the gap have come from? Most of the historical documents of the time seem to have either been falsified or just dont exist.For example, Heribert Illig believes Charlemagne was a fictional character, (Bellows 1). If Charlemagne was a made-up conformation in history, than what else has been made up about that era? Maybe all of it has been fictionalized by almost intensity conspirators, or maybe certain documents of the time have just been translated incorrectly and certain historical feats did not actually happen. Also, there are large gaps in historical documents wish the doctrine of faith, especially the gap in the evolution of theory and meaning of purgatory, (Bellows 3).With gaps in historical documents like this, it leaves a doubt in the mind of anybody that ponders the existence of this time period. If there are gaps in historical documents like this, then maybe there are gaps in the history itself, as well. John states in his narrative that Often, historiography just consisted of archiving anything at all (John 5). So, maybe most of the history as we think we know is nothing but dishonorable assumptions. But, this whole theory is built on the word maybe. Other scholars might give Illig more than view for his findings if he could come up with more specific answers that tell both sides of the story.Astronomy is neutral, for the most part, when it comes to the Phantom Time Theory. For example, Beaufort writes Ultimate evidence against Illigs hypothesis, based solely on historical solar eclipses can by chance not be found, (Beaufort 25). So, if solar eclipses cant prove the theory wrong, then what can? Methods like Dendrochronology, carbon dating, might hold the answer. Unfortunately, Despite of calibration a high degreeantique period typically up to +/-150 years, (Beaufort 26). This leaves us once again with no definitive answer on the inclemency of the hypothesis.At the moment, there is no scientific way to prove the theory valid or invalid, but maybe, some day in the near or possibly distant future, there will be a way to accurately pinpoint the dates when certain historical events happened to put this talk of the theory macrocosm a conspiracy to bed. 300 years of our history may just have been thought up in someones head and written in the his tory books, or maybe it is true. There are a few things for certain though time is very subjective and we could be maintenance in any time period imaginable, depending on when you start counting years.Some historical authentication of the era has been proven to be forged, so we can never distinguish what has actually happened in history and what some writer of a history book just made it up. Lastly, astronomy and dendrochronology dont give a definitive answer to the questions of when exactly these historical events happened. So, maybe this theory is just some wild thought a few German scholars had, but maybe, in the coming years more and more evidence to prove the theory valid may come out and these crazy scholars would locution like geniuses.

What Are the Main Perspectives in the Study of Psychology Essay Example for Free

What Are the Main Perspectives in the Study of psychology EssayWhat research methods argon apply to interpret these perspectives? E actually topic in psychology chamberpot be looked at in a number of unalike ways and various assorted turn upes hind end be adopted for each topic. These processiones ar k straightn as perspectives (i. e. view) that involve accredited assumptions (i. e. beliefs) about humane behavior the way they function, which aspects of them be worthy of study and what research methods are appropriate for undertaking this study. thither may be several different theories within an start out only they all share the above common assumptions. Different perspectives have different research methods. The Gloria Tapes of 1975 are a good example of how different perspectives are employ to address the same problems in a clients life, as they are looking at her problems from different viewpoints (http//www. metafilter. com, accessed February 2012). For the purpose of this essay, we will be looking at the five important psychological perspectives. These include the psychodynamic, cognitive, conductal, biological and humanistic perspectives. A wide range of research methods are used in psychology.In its simplest ground, Martin Shuttleworth (2008) defines research as In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any meeting place of data, in radiation patternation and facts for the advancement of knowledge Types of research methods include laboratory and field experiments, typesetters case studies, correlations, interviews, comments and questionnaires. These research methods fare into two basic cat selfries quantitive and qualitive. Qualitative research gathers research that is not in numerical form and is profitable for studies at the individual level (i. e. client centred therapy).Quantitive research gathers data in numerical form, which bum be put into categories, in order or measured in units of meas urement. This type of data can be used to construct graphs and tables of raw data. Experiments typically yield quantitative data (McLeod, S. A. 2007). This essay will now go on to justify the main perspectives in more(prenominal) detail and what different research methods are used for each perspective. The essay will end in a conclusion based on what has been discussed. Sigmund Freud was undoubtedly the main founder of psychodynamics. In 1900 he published his paper interpretation of dreams (Gross, R. 2001 rascal 15).This label the beginning of psychoanalytical thought. Other psychiatrists who also helped strongly with the psychodynamic movement include Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Melanie Klein. Freuds psychoanalysis is the archetype psychodynamic possibility and is based on the belief that events in our childhood can have a square impact on our behaviour as adults. He believed that people had little free will to straighten out choices in life (opposite to humanism) and instea d, our behaviour is determined by the unconscious forefront and childhood experiences. Freud explained the human intellect like an iceberg, with precisely a small amount of it being visible (Gross, R. 001 page 15).Most of our thoughts and ideas are not accessible at that moment (pre conscious) or are totally inaccessible (unconscious). He used techniques such as free association, dream analysis and transference to unlock the subconscious. Most of our subconscious has been do up by means of and through repression, whereby threatening, traumatic or unpleasant experiences are forgotten and locked away. This is a major(ip) form of ego defence. Repression is closely related to resistance, interpretation of which is an some otherwise key technique in psychoanalysis. Freud believed that mortalality is made up of three components the id, ego and superego.The id and superego (unconscious) are in constant conflict with the ego (conscious), which tries to resolve this discord. If thi s conflict is not resolved, we use defence mechanisms to reduce our anxiety. Psychoanalysis attempts to help patients resolve their interior(a) conflicts. The id also contains two instincts, eros (life and sex instinct) and thanatos (dream instinct). Thanatos has weaker energies than eros and is therefore channelled away from ourselves and into antagonism towards others. champion aspect of psychoanalysis is Freuds theory of psychosexual development, which shows how early experiences affect adult soulality.The closely important stage is the phallic stage and during this stage boys experience the Oedipus complex and girls experience the Electra complex (Gross, R. 2001 page 15). These complexes result in children identifying with the same sex parent who enables them to learn sex appropriate behaviour and a moral code of conduct for their future life. However like lots of Freuds work, it has been criticized for over emphasizing the importance of sexuality and under emphasizes the role and diverge of social relationships. The types of research methods that are used to study the psychodynamic approach include case studies (i. . Anna O, Little Hans), experiments, hypnosis, slips of the tongue (paraplexes), projective tests (TAT, Rorschach) and dream analysis.Psychodynamic research methods are mostly unscientific and lack empirical support, in terms of analysing human behaviour. For this approach, we are more likely to see qualitative data collection (case studies) which are subjective and also unfalsifiable. The humanist approach believes this approach is too deterministic, loss little room for personal agency although a great strength of psychodynamics is that it highlights the importance of the subconscious mind and defence mechanisms.Freud too criticizes other perspectives, especially behaviourism, as it doesnt take into account the unconscious minds influence on behaviour (McLeod, S. A. 2007). Behavioural psychology is concerned with how outside environ a miable factors (stimuli) affect observable behaviour (response). It focuses on learned behaviour and how these behaviours are learned and reinforced. The underlying assumption is that psychology should be seen as scientific. Around this time Watson, who was the founder of behaviourism, became increasingly critical of introspection and was also starting to experiment on non human animals.He believed the psychodynamic perspective was difficult to verify and was genuinely subjective, the polar opposite of behaviourism which can be accurately measured. With his famous manifesto of 1913, Watson redefined psychology and launched the behavioural school of psychology (Gross, R. 2001 page 13). He believed people are born with a blank slate and that peoples (and animals) behaviour are controlled and taught from their specific environment, earlier than internally (i. e. Freud, Jung). Freud completely rejects tabula rasa and believed people are born with instincts.Behaviourism is purely a nu rture approach and how we are nurtured, determines behaviour. The two main processes whereby people (and animals) learn from their environment are namely classical and operative conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by association. The Russian psychologist, Pavlov (1897) accidentally stumbled upon this condition after originally study digestion in dogs (McLeod, S. A. 2007). He noticed the dogs salivating whenever he came into the room, even when he wasnt bringing them food amongst experiments.He believed dogs didnt learn to salivate when they saw food. This was hardwired in them as an unconditioned reflex. So wherefore were they salivating when they saw him enter the room? He came to the conclusion the dogs learnt over time to associate him with food. From this knowledge he conducted experiments where he success richly conditioned dogs to salivate to the sound of just a bell through the repeated association of the sound of a bell and food.This proved his theory. Operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of behaviour. B. F.Skinner investigated this theory with controlled experiments and showed how rats learnt and changed their behaviour from punishment, positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement with his Skinner Box experiments (McLeod, S. A. 2007). This and other human experiments explained round behaviour by a persons (or animals) motive, therefore proving behaviour occurs for a reason. One other behavioural theory that should be mentioned is social learning theory. Albert Bandura (1977 page 38) states behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning (bobo doll experiment).He believed we learn indirectly, observing behaviours of others then imitating them. For a person to imitate another, the behaviour must be seen as rewarding in some way (reinforced) otherwise this wouldnt happen. Memory is also involved in some way, and then the behaviour is carried out. Behaviourism is very scientific, employ quantitative data. Its laboratory experiments and research with non-human animals is always supported by empirical data, obtained through careful, controlled observation and measurement. These measurements and data are also very accurate.There are limitations to this perspective, with regard to it being too deterministic and its experiments having low ecological cheer for some. Humanists also believe you cannot compare animals to humans. Behaviourism began to loosen its grip during the 1950s and during the 1960s, cognitive psychology started to take hold. Cognitive psychology is introspective and focuses on mental processes such as memory, echoing, problem solving, oral communication and decision making. It has been greatly influenced by psychologists such as Piaget, Bandura and Tolman (1948).Its a very scientific perspective, and revolves around the notion that if we want to know what features people tick and behave in certain manners, then we need to k now what processes are actually going on in their minds. Unlike behaviorism, which focuses only on observable behaviors, cognitive psychology is concerned with internal mental states. It explains behavior in terms of how the mind operates, often comparing it to a computer (Gross, R. 2001 page 21). Such internal processes include perception, memory, language and maladaptive thinking.These processes are viewed as mechanistic. Perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information. It comes from the Latin word perceptio which means receiving, collecting and action of taking possession with the mind or senses. Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the hold (Sternberg, 1999). Memory is essential to all our lives. Without a memory of the past, we cannot operate in the present or think about the future.Schemas are memory knowledge packages and can be defined as a brand of linked mental represent ations of the world, which we use both to understand and to respond to situations Piaget, J. (1936). Born in 1896 Piaget was the first psychologist to engage a transcriptionatic study of cognitive development. Piaget called the schema the basic building block of intelligent behaviour a way of organising knowledge. All of us use schemas in our everyday life as swell up as stereotyping, which are mental short cuts.Stereotypes are often communicated through words i. e. hairman. Another vault of heaven of cognitive behaviour is social cognition which is concerned with how people think about each other and different social groups i. e. class, minorities. It is suggested people have psychological problems due to maladaptive thinking and irrational thoughts. C. B. T. challenges these thoughts and behaviours to make out such disorders i. e. Depression or Anxiety. Research methods for cognitive behaviour are mostly in the form of laboratory experiments. Case studies though are sometime s used in situations where individuals are maven damaged.Its extremely scientific using mainly quantitive data. Skinner criticizes the cognitive approach, as he believes that only away stimulus response behaviour should be studied, as this can be scientifically measured (McLeod, S. A. 2007). One of its strengths though is that this perspective has many empirical studies to support its theories. Its easily measured which is why its included in the medical model and is currently used widely in the NHS. The cognitive approach though, does not always recognize physical factors in determining behaviour.The biological perspective studies such factors. The biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological topics, by poring over the physical rump for animal and human behaviour. It is one of the major perspectives in psychology, and involves such things as studying the immune system, sickish system and genetics. This field of psychology is often referred to as biopsychology o r physiological psychology. This perspective has gr sustain importantly over the past few decades, especially with advances in our ability to explore and understand the human headway and nervous system.Eysenck (1980) believes peoples personality behaviour can be explained in terms of the kind of nervous system a person inherits and has also produced evidence ( Eysenck 1967) relating to biological differences between introverts and extroverts, believing behaviour can be governed by physiology and genetics (inheritance), (Gross, R. 2001 page 616). MRI scans and PET scans also allow researchers to look at the brain in different ways and can explain behaviours in neurological terms. This can sometimes explain abnormal behaviour in people.Biological psychologists believe that schizophrenia is affected by levels of dopamine (a neurotransmitter), and a brain scan can show up these levels. Autism can also be treated by psychoactive drugs and low carbohydrate diets too (Gross, R. 2001 page 582). Those findings have also helped psychiatry and helped to relieve symptoms of mental illness through drugs. One limitation of this perspective is that Freudians would say the biological approach only treats the bob up symptoms and not the underlying causes of the actual problem.This approach is very scientific, using laboratory and natural experiments for physiological studies. brilliance function studies include invasive (Autopsy) and non- invasive (CAT scans) methods. Brain damaged individuals are also investigated through case studies. The biological approach has a strong counter argument against the nurture approach (behavioural) but humanists would show against this perspective as being too deterministic. Two of the most influential theorists in humanistic psychology are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs Model).Carl Ransom Rogers was born in 1902 in Oak Park Illinois and is the founder of person centred or non-directive therapy. Its a form of talk psych otherapy and the goal of P. C. T is to develop a sense of self wherein the client can realize, how their attitudes, feelings and behaviour are being negatively affected and make an effort to find their true potential (Rogers, R C 1961 page 18). Clients are aided by the therapist to find their own solutions to their problems through self-awareness, finally leading to self-actualisation.In Rogerss words the existence has one basic tendency and striving to actualise, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism (Rogers, R C 1961, 487). He believes we can help ourselves through our own free will and personal agency, to self-actualise to become a fully functioning person once again. Humanistic psychologists empower their clients rather than have power or representation over them like psychoanalysts or behaviourists do. They look at human behaviour not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving.Its based on the six mall conditions ne eded for change. As humanists focus on the whole person (holism), they regard scientific measures (i. e. biological) inappropriate for studying behaviour, although their belief in free will is in opposition to the deterministic laws of science. The research uses qualitative data, using methods such as case studies and informal interviews. Qualitative data also gives genuine insight and more holistic information into behaviour. As we can conclude from the discussions on the various perspectives, each one focuses on their own unique conception of why humans behave as they do.Freuds tension trim down person, Skinners environmentally controlled person and Rogers growth motivated person are all quite different from each other. This diversity of approaches and research methods reflect the complexity of this subject matter. However weve also noted some important similarities between different approaches, such as the deterministic temper of Freuds and Skinners theories and the scientific nature of the behaviourist and biological approaches, which have no consideration for human free will. Each perspective has its own unique strengths and limitations and can even contradict each others theories.A scientific approach such as cognitive psychology tends to ignore the subjective (i. e. personal) experiences that people have. The humanistic approach accounts for this but largely at the expense of being non-scientific in its methods and ability to provide evidence. Each perspective though, has something of value to contribute to our understanding of ourselves and human behaviour. Without all these perspectives our learning and understanding of human behaviour would indeed be more limited and therefore each perspective has its own unique place in psychology.

Case Treetop Forest Products Essay Example for Free

Case jacket crown Forest Products EssayIdentification (20%) Facts, assumptions and problem identification Building-grade lumber persistence is competitive and product macrocosm sold is not differential only differentiation is due to product box and registeration. Product in boldness is biggest factor when buyers atomic number 18 making a purchasing decision between buying from summit or competitors. Over the last 2 years, crown has declined in ratings for package of lumber products as a resoluteness lost customers to competitors . jacket has six distinguishs boom, sawmill, planer, promotional material, shipping, and maintenance. All other(a) incisions bring forth a supervisor however, package division does not have one designated supervisor. Possible solution is to convert one of the workers to supervisor, or dedicate a supervisor 100% of the time to furtherance To solve the issue supervisor from sawmill and planer deparments bosom the shifts. Due to distance between sawmill and planing divisions, the supervisors are unable given full attention to the trading operations of the package division. (assumption) Distance cause the supervisor to visit the departments not as often as they should. productiveness in 3 divisions remained constant, Sawmill and planing division productivity change magnitude however, productivity decreased in packaging department and caused the followingStockpile upRisk of damaged stockincreased the inventory costCost Competitiveness suffered due to management placing additional employees from other divisions to solve the substitute issue go about by packaging department. advancement department run twain shifts morning and afternoonProductivity direct of afternoon shifts is less than morning shift employees Reason behind the decreased in productivity direct in the department is due to following Employees takes extended lunch and coffee breaksLeave few minute of arc early, specially afternoon shiftReallo cation of temporary employees from different productive departments also follow the homogeneous practise after being in the packaging department for few days. Based on the case facts, organizational effectiveness and productivity is being effected by the in beat practises of PackagingDepartment. spare-time activity two major problems should be resolved to overcome the issues faced by Treetop Packaging departments employees are effecting the working habits of other department employees. Department wide meeting communicating the companionship values, performance issues of packaging department, statististics proving decline in packaging, and initiatives to stop extended lunches, coffee breaks, leaving few minutes early especially in afternoon shift Produce daily backlog reports showing increase in backlog and spoilage statistics.Use negative consequences (firing), deep down union contract. and corroborative rewards based on production and lineament targets being met. Methods an d implementation of rewards can be determined by using Nominal Group proficiency (variation of brain storming)- 1)silently and independently document their ideas, 2)collectively describe ideas to other team members without critique, and 3)silently ad independently evaluate the ideas presented Packaging division does not have a supervisor to over calculate the operation on daily bases. This call for to change immediately. If costs cant be justified, perhaps time position added, that also is in production the other half , or BalResolving the issuesThe packaging department is mostly at wrongdoing for majority of the Treetop Forest Productions Ltd recent decline of organisational victory, not only are the packaging employees at fault, plainly also management for not monitoring the situation more effectively. Its vital for Treetop Forest Products to improve and maintain their competitive edge in spite of appearance the building grade timber industry to ensure future success of the organisation. If solutions are not implemented immediately, the success of the organisation will fall out to decline, placing Treetop Forest Productions Ltd in an unfavourable position where recovery may be implausible.Tackling the major issues illustrated inside the packaging department will commence a strong positive path towards the future success of the organisation, placing them in a competitive position once again.There are possible solutions that can assistant with effectively and expeditiously dealing with this issue. Firstly, supervision and loss leadership of necessity a majorimprovement within the packaging sector. As illustrated within all other fully supervised departments, work is completed efficiently and to a high quality standard. By providing packaging employees with the same supervision and leadership, near guarantees a positive change within the packaging department. Employing a leader with a with a transformational approach to leadership implicated with emo tions, values, ethics, standards and long term goals will help to improve the work ethic within the packaging department. A supervisor with transformational leadership involves an exceptional form of influence that moves followers to accomplish more that what is usually expect of them. Furthermore, by introducing a new leader, costs will decrease due to supervised workers and the decrease of extra time it can be implemented quickly, improve productivity and increase the equity of work.As also explained within the issues of the packaging department, there is a lack of employee pauperization. This is demonstrated through with(predicate) the low quality of work produced, lengthy breaks and early finishing times. Its important for managers to hear that each and every individual employee will have a set of drives, withdraws, decisions and behaviours to be motivated. By following the below diagram, Treetop Forest Products managers can use this to understand different emotional respo nses and resulting pauperisms in the same situation.promote group cohesiveness and a gratifying working environment. In the short term, upper management could host a meeting or host between all departments to make them feel interrelated and important to the company. This could be a great motivation for the employees. In the long term, group evaluations could be necessary to measure the groups performance and to see if the actions taken are resolving the problems.supervisor of the department. Learned lacks system The Learned Needs Theory has three learned needs that can be defined as the Need for Achievement, Need for Power, and the Need for Affiliation. A need is amplified or suppressed through self-concept, social norms, and historicalexperiences (Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, Inc., 2002), although needs can also be learned through readiness whether it be strengthening or weakening the need. The members of the packaging department could have bee n more aware of their needs whether it is affiliation, power, or achievement and if they were more aware of what was there, there could have been more motivation on the part of the members to excel. Also, with the appointment of an actual supervisor, instead of taking them from other departments, it could have ensured that these needs be amplified through roughly forms of friendly arguing or rewards.The Need for Power is stated as the need to make an sham on others, influence others, change people or events, and make a difference in life. If this need was taught to the members of the packaging department by the supervisors of the other departments, there could be a chance someone internally would strive so much for the need of power that he or she would emerge as the leader in a department with a declining productivity level. Having the business leader to control others is a very sinewy characteristic which everyone strives for internally, so if this need was brought forward by executives there would be an increase in competition and drive between the members to claim that position of hierarchy in the department.The Need for Achievement is the need and confide for excellence, competition, challenging goals, and overcoming difficulties. With the simple action as a reward put forth throughout the company internally that the employees of each section could enjoy, it could ignite an employees need for achievement and desire for excellence which in turn could ignite the competition in every employee to achieve success like his or her swearing employee has. People strive for recognition and success and if this need was amplified in the employees who have made it clear that they inadequacy to enjoy the benefits that come from a high productivity level, and brought out of those who believe that they dont need success, Treetop Forest Products could internally enjoy success of their own making their business profit at its maximum rate.The Need for Affiliation is defined as the need for individuals maintain close, intimate relationships, or approval of other people. If Treetop Forest Products could bring out this need in the packaging department by showing them how the other departments in the company get along which in turn brings the productivity level up within thedepartment. Although, the employees of the packaging do well of getting along with each other by performing bad habits such as leaving early or extending their breaks, if that could betransformed through the training of good habits such as exceeding expected productivity levels and working hard, the affiliation that is present now could be that much stronger and emphasized in the department. Also, in addition to affiliation within the department, there is also the possibility with the rise of productivity level and affiliation within the The team has strong cohesion, but needs to be turned around. (employees transferred are correcting to the team norms of lack of punctuality) Norms are the informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the bahavour of their members. Padge 225 chapter 8 Canadian Org Behaviour . It has to be set as a believe to the department and communicating the new norms and aligning the norms with the company goals and objectives is critical.Through these simple needs that can be taught or learned, Treetop Forest Products could experience not only success from their five already lucky departments but from the packaging department as well. If amplified the packaging department would benefit from the affiliation they would gain from the other departments, the power that employees could possibly gain with the increase of productivity via promotions or recognition, and the rewards that the employees of the packaging could gain through increased productivity levels. If Treetop Forest Products were to implicate these two simple theories there is a possibility that the packaging department would no longer be a har mful unit but instead an plus that Treetop can rely on. Through the Situational Leadership Theory, Treetop has the opportunity to find a leader that can adapt to the group and individuals and convert the now declining productivity level of the packaging department to an change magnitude level of productivity like the five other departments in the company.With the Learned Needs Theory, Treetop has the ability to install the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation to the packaging department to encourage friendly competition between the employees patch still steadily increasing the productivity levels of thedepartment. Conclusion Treetop Forest Products and Westboard Co have been measly the consequences of the lackluster performance from their packaging department since there is no authority figure to keep the employees on task and working hard to produce sellable products for Westboard. With the packaging department not having their own supervisor, Treetop has appointed the supervisors of the sawmill and planing department as the supervisors of the packaging department during their shifts.With the packaging department being in a different location then the sawmill and planing department, it has caused the supervisors to make the packaging department an afterthought and with the productivity levels of the packaging department decreasing it has shown. After evaluating the case of Treetop Forest Product and the issues with their packaging department, they have been using the Contingency Theory which states that there is no one best way of leading and that a leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others and that eyepatch a leader may be very effective at one place and point in time may become unsuccessful either when transplanted to another situation or when factors around t hem change. This was clear in the case of Treetop Forest Products case becausealthough the leaders were very effective with their own departme nts, increasing the productivity levels of their respective departments, when transferred over to the packaging department their effectiveness did not follow. Each leader has their own key characteristics that play a major part in how they lead, whether it is their personality, drive, emotional intelligence, self-concept, etc. so what may be high and effective in one leader and his or her department may not be high and effective in a different departments leader.Since the sawmill and planing departments were so successful when implanted into a helplessness department, the situation as well as the effectiveness of the leader changed. Instead of the Contingency Theory, there were others that if Treetop were to implement it could have made the productivity level of the packaging department go up while creating a fail atmosphere within the company. If Treetop were to take the leader who was most able to conform his or her leadership style to that of the packaging department instead of just taking the top twodepartments supervisors without considering the important variables such as distance and drive, Treetop could have improved the situation within the packaging department.With these simple changes to the company, Treetop could have quite easily changed the atmosphere and effectiveness of the packaging department to better the profits and trust gained from Westboard. If Treetop were to dedicate an individual supervisor based on performance and authoritative qualities within the department instead of having an external employee take on the responsibility of turning the packaging department around, the chances of increasing the productivity level of the packaging department would increase which would not only benefit the department but Treetop Forest Products and Westboard Co. respectively.

Change and Culture Essay Example for Free

diverge and Culture EssayTo adjust to greater competition and pressures of obtaining increase shapingal efficiency and cost containment, some(prenominal) organizations bemuse begun to examine strategies related to restructuring and downsizing to maintain organizational viability. These offshootes permit included mergers and acquisitions, and redefining occupational roles of proletarians within the organization. Consequently, successful management of the structural transform process can be daunting and overwhelming if non handled in an organized and approximationful process.Those who are responsible for the process must recognize the barrier that whitethorn be hindrances to construction and follow throughation of the motley process These barriers include (a) lack of concise and coordinated preparation/goals, (b) resistance to modification within the organizational workplaceforce, (c) failure to consistently evaluate the progress of the proposed qualify within contex t of the entire system, and adjust methodology as necessary. Thus, in order to achieve a isotropy between achieving organizational goals and addressing the uncertainty that may occur in the workforce, organizational leaders are tasked with the responsibilities of determination creative mode to facilitate the mandated objectives while at the same time finding vehicles to maintain equal to(predicate) levels of employee gratification and productivity in order to facilitate the ability to service their respective consumer base.It is the purpose of this cover to re-examine the fictional organization created in the week number four Culture Case necessitate I, and determine the means to facilitate a design in workforce brought on by a mandated reduction in work force. This paper bequeath examine the concept of the universal worker as part of the proposed redesign, with further evaluation of the chats and organizational process that forget demand to be use in order to facilit ate successful motion of administrative goals and employee adoption of their refreshed roles.Case employment In an attempt to achieve increased cost containment, six months after the merger of Charles Drew and Florence nightingale Hospitals, the managerial hierarchy has proposed a significant reduction in workforce. Subsequently, a decision was made that the scoop up way to facilitate continued safe patient vexation was to redesign the patient care saving workforce. As recommended by the administration, the initial proposal for redesign was that of the universal worker.As understood, the paradigm of the universal worker would give remaining employees to be cross trained in different line of products duties thus, allowing more tractableness in staffing and personnel assignments (web. Answers. com, 2011). Through examination and writ of execution of the concepts of the universal worker, along with consideration of other strategies, the thought is that assigning additional du ties to remaining personnel would allow continued adequate economy of many aliveness services.Past experiences in attempt to implement this type of change has proven to be met with resistance by personnel, and difficult to implement when introduced at other organizations nevertheless, the administration has charged the mid-level management team up with successful achievement of the proposed redesign in order to meet organizational objectives. The Change ProcessWhen beginning the process of job redesign within this organization, it lead be of the essence(p) for those who are responsible for implementation of the change to discover the overall mission and goals of the organization and the global ramification of the change within the institution. It will be cardinal to understand that a change in champion area can have either a positive or negative impact on other areas within the organization (Leadership and Motivational Training, 2012).Thus, in viewing the capability upheava l that a reduction in workforce can create, and the subsequent potential for feelings of job insecurity that may be experienced by the remaining workforce, it will be all important(predicate) to allay these fears and allow enhanced empowerment of employees make itence affected by this process. This can be facilitated by dint of with(predicate) inclusion of employees in the redesign process (i. e. implementation of work teams) and establishment of clear channels of communion within the system.Managing this process of job redesign and change can be successfully implemented through the initiation of a defined process to guide the change and an assigned change leadership team (Resnick, 2012). Through this process not only will the affected employees be allowed to have stimulant to the process that will affect the their individual(a) stake in the organization, they will also have the opportunity to implement substantial and lasting change for the overall system and the culture of then organization.As draw by Peter Senge in his postulates regarding organizational culture, this inclusion, empowerment and open communication among those in leadership and front-line employees will work to facilitate what he described as the learning organization and systems thinking (Smith, 2001).Inclusion of work teams into the change process, and the subsequent implementation of the cross cooking of employees into various depart moral roles, the concept of the universal worker among the care provision staff will allow the reshaping of the organization into one that has the flexibility to adapt to the rapid change that may be incurred, and foster an atmosphere of collegiality where people are continually learning to see the in all together (Smith, 2001).Measuring Processes and Expectations Post RedesignOnce the redesign process has been completed it will be very important to implement measures to retrospect the process of performance and if the predetermined goals of the c hange are being met. Since employees will potentially be relied on to increase performance and acquire additional employment duties, it will be important to examine how the implementation of change will impact employee pleasure. It can be verbalize that if an organization can meet the need for a satisfying work milieu, then the employee will have a greater propensity to be more motivated and productive.As a consequence the joy will have a greater correlation to improved outcomes and patient expiation. Examination of outcomes can be achieved through the utilization of the existence of a balanced scoreboard-or dashboard- of the key internal and external measures that provide a comprehensive view of the organizations performance, with as much insight as possible regarding the implication of the change for the upcoming (Resnick, 2012).Examples of these tools could include utilization of employee satisfaction surveys, provision of strategically placed employee eedback boxes to so licit employee input to parameters for ongoing improvement, and implementation of employee councils to examine how to best meet the needs for improving overall workplace satisfaction and employee morale. With completion of the tools for review of performance, the organization will have a balanced understanding as to how the implementation of the job redesign has impacted organizational goals and desired outcomes -i. e. decreased attrition rates of employees, decreased sick deviate utilized, increased patient safety and patient satisfaction scores (Ugboro, 2006) . Creation of a Learning OrganizationAs the paradigm begins to change in the organization, and implementation of change becomes manifest within the organization, it will be important to foster structures that will provide for a cohesive and well-rounded workforce. As a result, it will be important that all employees have a thorough understanding of what is meant by a learning organization, and how this concept will be imper ative e to the ongoing success of current and future change. As described by Peter Senge, the learning organization can be viewed as a structural environment in which the employee is empowered to create the outcomes that they truly desire.In this type of environment, the employee is allowed the room of creativity to redefine not only themselves within their organizational role, but also the organization itself. This paradigm shift differs from the previous downstream constricted organizational structures in that it moves the process for acquiring impudently organizational traits and skills from learning a means of survival to one that embraces learning that enhances the capacity to create and innovate (Smith, 2001).As such, this paradigm allows progress of the employee to have a greater role in obtaining self-actualization through growth of objectively understanding how change and the end-results of proposed change will affect the organization and the system as a whole. Additionall y, it changes the view of management from one of overseer, to one of fostering learning opportunities and helping employees develop systemic understanding (Smith, 2001).In relation to the mandated job restructuring that will take place within this merged organization this change will be facilitated through the creation of interdisciplinary teams of care providers that will comprise the teams that will be responsible for the redesign of the care delivery model. In context of the proposed reduction of staff, it can be assumed that the employees affected by the ensuing change will be instrumental in facilitating this change if allowed to be part of the redesign of priorities and duties.Consequently, with each root bringing their individual and collective spheres of knowledge, there will facilitation of the exchange of ideas, expansion of personal supremacy, enhancement of mental models, and a building of a shared vision. All of which are characteristic of the described learning organ ization. In this case, enactment of the concept to the universal worker will require cross training of employees into potentially new areas of responsibility, or areas in which personal mastery has not been achieved.As such, training can be perceive by employees as a measure of the organizations commitment to them. Subsequently, training is one of the most powerful vehicles for an organization to create change. As stated by Resnick (2012), First, it builds alignment to the desired change. Second, it provides individuals with the knowledge and skills to implement the change. Third, it creates the opportunity for cross-functional communication in the implementation of company-wide initiatives.As this process evolves, management can ensure that continual educational opportunities exist for employees to grow technically and professionally in their respective duties. As these opportunities are allowed, evaluation of individual mastery should be evaluated and opportunities for individua l employees to become mentors or resources for fellow employees should be encouraged. By facilitation of this process of collaborative self-management, satisfaction within the process will be enhanced and peer-to-peer sharing can take place.This will allow greater cohesiveness among the teams and a greater sense of inclusion among all team members. As stated by Smith (2001), when teams learn together, not only can there be good results for the organization, members will grow more rapidly than could have occurred otherwise. Measurement of Individual Satisfaction Measurement of individual employee satisfaction can be facilitated through many means. Standard traditional measurement tools could include employee surveys, employee feedback solicitation, and input gained during annual performance reviews.Although these means may allow the management team to gain greater insight to employee satisfaction with change, they are primarily founded in anecdotal response, and may be difficult of q uantify. Thus, alternative measurements of satisfaction can be employed. These include monitoring of employee retention rates, review of utilization unscheduled employee leave, and patient provided satisfaction surveys. As indicated by Plowman (2009), many studies suggest that the cost of turnover is on-and-a-half times an employees salary, when considering recruitment, selection, and training costs.Therefore, to monetarily measure the impacts of reduced turnover, one can calculate the expected cost of replacing employees who chose not to leave as a result of increased employee satisfaction. Furthermore, enhanced patient satisfaction and outcomes may have a direct correlation to enhanced satisfaction in that increased individual productivity may be a sign of an employee who has taken ownership of his or her role in relation to change. induction In todays environment of organizational change, and redefining of traditional job functions and roles, it is imperative to create new parad igms within the organizational structure.Along with the changing responsibilities for employees, management must provide the means to promote atmospheres of re-create learning and assist the empowerment of employees in actualizing the larger systemic needs of the organization, and their role in the facilitation of make lasting change. Successful implementation of these concepts, along with meeting the needs for maintaining employee fulfillment and satisfaction will be essential for the economic longevity of all business organizations that provide essential services to the public.

Electronic civil disobedience Essay Example for Free

Electronic civic disobedience studyCivil disobedience has been a large part of societies and the past generations that have existed. With the further dawning of the development engineering era, civil disobedience has taken another formelectronic civil disobedience (ECD). though ECD takes a rather non-violent style in advancing the interests of certain(a) groups and positing challenges to the status quo of several institutions, ECD has nevertheless hang atomic number 53d a crucial force in shaping the image of mankind in general and testament remain to be a contributing element in the coming yearsand beyond. A look into electronic civil disobedience comparisons and analyses In contrast to computer criminality, electronic civil disobedience is a substance merely designed to attack the institutions whereas the former is more inclined to obtain profit from actions that damage an single(a). This standing distinction contests the probable argument that there is no solid, or a t least an exemplar difference between the two and that both are the same authority in putting down feather the strength of an institution or of an individual.However, while computer criminality is, by the name itself, a crime punishable by existing and applicable laws under the jurisdiction of certain states, foe via electronic meansthe most common of which is through cyberspaceis deemed to be a means to challenge the existing authority, for instance, in pushing forth necessary changes that are being sought after by individuals. This measure is, apparently, nevertheless within the borders of the law and are, hence, legal.Electronic civil disobedience (ECD) is often snips carried out in a demeanor that is not violent or, at the very least, in ways that do not involve choose physical contact (Electronic Civil Disobedience). Although there can be indirect physical consequences that can be attributed to the means and ends that are involved with ECD, a large bulk of the marrow squash of ECD rests on its forefrontresistance through the maximum utility of the intangible resources available.These resources are largely comprised of electronic teaching and invisible systems in cyberspace that do not require physical contact among the individuals that seek to advance their interests in the show of another individual or an existing authority. Though by and large much of the past generationsand fifty-fifty a considerable number of the present generation of citizenshave been closely attached to the physical means of civil disobedience such as in the literal sense of taking-up the streets, a shift in the manifestation of civil disobedience is greatly felt in the electronic realm.Since information technologys presence has increasingly grown over the past few decades and since its developments have been continuous and have been exponential in refinement, the impacts of electronic civil disobedience has overly risen in levels proportional to the booming of the in formation technology industry. As recent developments in the field of cyberspace expand abruptly, so are the probable means in which ECD can make itself successful in achieving its goals or, at least, in devising its presence and mission felt across territorial boundaries of states (Cleaver).Moreover, this growth in information technology (IT) has in any case started to break down the physical barriers as well as the invisible fences that hold back attempts at pushing forth civil resistance or disobedience. The physical institutions that seek to eradicate or change magnitude the probability of occurrence of these civil resistances have slowly diminished its grip on its capability to attach barriers and put up defensive mechanisms that strain the success of resistance from citizens. At the height of the development colloquy tools, effective communication has spread like wildfire from among various areas in the globe.Cellular phone technology has amassed for the battalion easie r means to effectively transmit messages across wide distances, thereby instituting a smoother flow of information relay. Group organization and militarization is held at a unifying pace that easily penetrates the state borders and geographical barriers. This leads us to the notion that the as the advent of electronic communicationthe internet and cellular phone technology to name a fewthe expected rise in the efficiency and effectiveness of group mobilization and organization in the face of electronic civil disobedience is within reach.However, the abuse of ECD as in the case of civil disobedience (CD) is always a accident to the extent that legal measures have also to be taken by the proper authorities so as to dismantle probable causa for violent and unlawful measures in furthering the interests of several groups. ECD, for the most part, can be a ploy utilised by extreme groups that do not only seek refuge in the non-violent methods encapsulated within the essence of ECD but also seek unlawful ends through violent actions that spring forth from the devices and advantages brought up by the electronic media.Terrorists, for example, can opt to start their large scale plans of wreaking havoc in a populate society by getting a good hold of the electronic resources available almost everywhere. The folk bombings of the World Trade Center in New York has devastated a number of lives and even up to this daytime the damage done can still be felt not only by those who were at once affected but also by the millions of people who fear the havoc of terrorism, especially in present-day(a) times where ECD is not something new.It would be interesting to note on the delimiting strands that segregate those that are purely in the form of ECD and those that hid behind layers of terrorist ploys. For the most part, ECD remains today as a growing tool utilise as a means in contesting the status quo by oppositional forces. This brings us to the security issues posited by t he ECD that acquaint the targeted institutions by modern-day activists. Although security measures have been reinforced throughout the years with the further advancement in technology, cyberspace remains an open territory for civil activismand cabs.Though there may be chimerical findings that seek to establish a connection or an alliance between hackers and ECD groups, there remains the possibility that an actual connivance may actually exist, only that the alliance is hidden beneath the rubrics of the intangible mankind of technology. It may be an extreme thought to dwell on such a possibility. Nevertheless one cannot entirely dismiss its factual occurrence.In the context of the general population that subscribes to the established groups that further ECD, certain identifying marks have to be made so as to pinpoint the possibility of having a hacker among the number of activists that attempt at penetrating the electronic defense mechanisms of institutions. However, the rapid gr owth of the electronic resources and its accessibility prove to be one hefty factor to surmount by the institutions. Activism is all the more supply by this growth and, thus, the efforts of the institutions are to be doubled or thickened accordingly if ECD is to be diminished. rather on the other hand, ECD may not be diminished at all, nor can it be in all dissolved especially when the generation we have of today is one that is teeming with the abundance of electronic wealth (Wehling). It must be further realized that such an (ever increasing) abundance in the electronic resources found in cyberspace provides a fertile starting point for extreme organizations that might utilize ECD as an sign step towards electronic violence and as a front for the extensive damage that can be instigated through system crashes and data hostages.The person adept at information technology and electronic systems will readily convey that the probable damage of system crashes as well as data hostages are devastating in the sense that they do not only shaken the virtual foundations of institutions but also destroy the intangible interior foundations that build the electronic core of the institutions.Reparations may be met, though, but the time to successfully recover or at least partially get back on pencil lead is yet another factor that must be considered. Hence, security measures are as equally evidential as the protection of the interests of these institutions, if not even far more important. Conclusion The impacts of ECD have been felt in many ways.As the growth in cyberspace continues to expand and exceed the standards set forth by previous generations in their attempt to resist the institutional forces and further the specific aims for taking up civil disobedience, ECD continues to be a driving force in directing the path of the electronic world. The presence of ECD in contemporary times will eventually stretch through time for as coherent as there remains a continued e xpansion in the domain of cyberspace and for as long as the interests of people are not met and properly addressed.